Hi Victoria,
you can define your filter like following:
' "TABLE_NAME" = '':LV_TABLE'' AND "FIELD_TECH_NAME" = "MAKTG" AND "RULE_SHORT_TEXT" = "Mandatory" '
This is ok as long as the content of LV_TABLE is not influenced by a user input; otherwise SQL Injections would be possible. Please check the note regarding this in the official documentation (http://help.sap.com/hana/SAP_HANA_SQL_Script_Reference_en.pdf, chapter 8.2.4).
Best Regards,
Florian