Hi Ratan,
1. Please suggest me where to begin. Are the above five components different from one another?
HANA is not just a database. HANA is also an appliance.
HANA has a inbuilt Application Server in it.
HANA Studio is used to connect to HANA Database and perform various operations on it.
HANA One is HANA on Cloud where you can built applications using Java and SAP UI5 and other tools.
HANA Enterprise Cloud : is HANA on Cloud - in this you can run your Business Suite on HANA or even BW on HANA
2. Does one has to specilize in all the five componenet?
No, If you want to build only applications and are good at Java and Web Development then it is better that you go for HANA One.
But if you are interested in Database then you can learn HANA - you also can build Web based applications here also.
To learn more about SAP HANA One :
http://www.saphana.com/community/learn/cloud-info
https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/8927/70813
3. Is BW knowledge a must and should I take up a course on that as well?
No, but having knowledge of SQL and Database concepts ill be a plus
4. What are the various certification in HANA?
Application Associate, Technical Associate, Support Associate
https://training.sap.com/sa/en/curriculum/hana-sap-hana-g-en?
5. Reference link for beginners.
For last three questions you can also read my blog:
Regards,
Vivek